Dandruff Treatment, Symptoms, Causes & Diagnosis

Dandruff is a common scalp condition characterised by flaking and itching of the skin. It occurs when the natural shedding of dead skin cells becomes more noticeable, often due to factors like dry skin, seborrheic dermatitis, fungal infections, or sensitivity to hair care products.

Symptoms of Dandruff

1. Flaking: The most visible symptom, characterised by white or gray flakes that detach from the scalp and are noticeable on hair or clothing. These flakes are the result of excessive shedding of dead skin cells.
2. Itching: Persistent itchiness on the scalp, often accompanying flaking. The severity of the itching can vary and is sometimes worse when the scalp is dry.
3. Dryness and Tightness: A dry and tight feeling on the scalp, which can lead to discomfort. This sensation often accompanies flaking.
4. Redness and Irritation: The scalp may appear red and inflamed, particularly if the dandruff is due to seborrheic dermatitis. The inflammation can also make the scalp more sensitive.
5. Oily Patches: In cases of seborrheic dermatitis, the scalp may develop greasy, yellowish patches. These oily scales are more common around the hairline, behind the ears, and on the forehead.
6. Worsening in Cold Weather: Dandruff symptoms often worsen in cold, dry weather due to a lack of moisture in the air, which can dry out the scalp further.

If these symptoms are severe or persistent, it may indicate an underlying condition like seborrheic dermatitis or psoriasis, and consulting a general physician near you or dermatologist would be recommended for best dandruff treatment.

Causes of Dandruff

Dry Skin: A common cause, where a lack of moisture leads to small, white flakes and an itchy scalp.

Seborrheic Dermatitis: A more severe form of dandruff, associated with oily, red, and scaly skin, often affecting other oily areas like the face and chest.

Malassezia Fungus: A naturally occurring yeast on the scalp that can grow excessively, leading to irritation and flaking.

Product Sensitivity (Contact Dermatitis): Reaction to hair care products or dyes, causing redness, itching, and flaking. This can seem like dandruff but is a different condition. 

Poor Hygiene: Infrequent washing can lead to oil and dead skin buildup, exacerbating dandruff.

Stress and Hormonal Changes: Stress can worsen dandruff, and hormonal changes, especially during puberty, can increase oil production, leading to dandruff.

How can Dandruff be diagnosed?

In most cases, dandruff is diagnosed by visual examination of the scalp. If the case is more severe or not responding to standard treatment, further details and tests would help to diagnose other causes of the symptoms.

1. Medical History:
   • Symptoms: The doctor will ask about your symptoms, including the severity of your dandruff, when it started, and any factors that might aggravate or relieve it.
   • Skin Care Products: Information about shampoos, conditioners, and other hair or skin products you use.
   • Lifestyle Factors: Diet, stress levels, and overall health, as these can influence dandruff.
   • Previous Treatments: Any dandruff treatments you’ve tried and their effectiveness.
2. Physical Examination:
   • Scalp Inspection: The doctor will examine your scalp for visible signs of dandruff, such as flaking, redness, and irritation.
   • Skin Condition: They might also check other parts of your skin to see if similar symptoms are present, as dandruff can sometimes be linked to other skin conditions.
3. Differential Diagnosis:
   • Seborrheic Dermatitis: A common condition that causes red, greasy, and flaky skin.
   • Psoriasis: A chronic skin condition that can cause dandruff-like flakes but is usually more severe.
   • Fungal Infections: A yeast infection, such as Malassezia, can cause dandruff-like symptoms.
   • Contact Dermatitis: An allergic reaction to hair or skin products can mimic dandruff.

How is Dandruff Treated?

Dandruff treatment varies based on its severity and underlying causes.

Over-the-Counter (OTC) Treatments:

1. Anti-Dandruff Shampoos:
   • Zinc Pyrithione: Reduces fungus and bacteria on the scalp.
   • Ketoconazole: Antifungal shampoo that targets Malassezia yeast.
   • Selenium Sulfide: Helps reduce yeast and skin cell turnover.
   • Tar-Based Shampoos: Slows down the production of skin cells on the scalp.
2. Conditioners:
   • Used in conjunction with anti-dandruff shampoos to help manage dryness or itchiness.

Prescription Treatments:

1. Stronger Antifungal Shampoos: For more severe fungal infections.
2. Topical Steroids: To reduce inflammation and itching in cases of severe dandruff or seborrheic dermatitis or psoriasis.
3. Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors: For those who cannot use steroids, these can reduce inflammation.

Home Remedies:

1. Tea Tree Oil: Known for its antifungal and antibacterial properties. Can be added to shampoos or used as a diluted solution.
2. Apple Cider Vinegar: May help with scalp flakiness and irritation due to its acidic nature.
3. Coconut Oil: Can help with moisturizing and reducing flakiness.
4. Aloe Vera: Soothes the scalp and reduces inflammation.

The effectiveness of these remedies is not well supported and they may cause more irritation of the scalp. 

Lifestyle and Dietary Changes:

1. Maintain Good Hygiene: Regularly wash hair with appropriate shampoos.
2. Healthy Diet: Eating a balanced diet rich in zinc, B vitamins, and healthy fats can help.
3. Manage Stress: Stress can exacerbate dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis, so stress management techniques may be beneficia

Consult a primary care doctor or dermatologist: If over-the-counter treatments are not effective or if you have severe symptoms, it’s important to seek professional advice from a general physician near your home.

Treatment plans often involve a combination of these methods to achieve the best results.

Associated Costs of Dandruff Treatment in Bengaluru

The cost of treating dandruff in Bengaluru can vary based on the treatment options and healthcare facilities. Moreover, most cases of dandruff can be managed just by OTC treatments. 

1. Consultation Fees:

• General Physician or Dermatologist: ₹250 – ₹2,000 per visit.

2. Over-the-Counter (OTC) Treatments:

• Anti-Dandruff Shampoos: ₹200 – ₹1,000 per bottle, depending on the brand and formulation.
• Conditioners and Treatments: ₹200 – ₹800 per product.

3. Prescription Treatments:

• Prescription Shampoos (e.g., Ketoconazole, Selenium Sulfide): ₹500 – ₹1,500 per bottle.
• Topical Steroids: ₹300 – ₹1,500 per tube.
• Other Prescription Medications: Costs can vary widely depending on the specific medication.

4. Medical Procedures:

• Scalp Biopsy (if required for diagnosis): ₹2,000 – ₹5,000.
• KOH Test or Microscopy (for fungal examination): ₹500 – ₹1,500.

5. Alternative Therapies:

• Tea Tree Oil Treatments: ₹200 – ₹800 per bottle.
• Ayurvedic Treatments: ₹1,500 – ₹5,000 per session or treatment package.

6. Additional Costs:

• Follow-up Consultations: ₹500 – ₹2,000 per visit.

Costs can vary based on the severity of the dandruff, the specific treatment prescribed, and the healthcare provider. It’s advisable to consult with a general physician for a personalised treatment plan and a more accurate cost estimate.

Why Choose Clinikk for Dandruff treatment?

• Experienced Doctors
  Our doctors have extensive experience in managing dandruff and ensuring you receive expert care.
• State-of-the-Art Facilities
  Our clinics are equipped with the latest medical technology for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.
• Patient-Centric Approach
  We prioritise your health and well-being, offering personalised care tailored to your needs.
• Affordable Care
  We offer transparent and affordable pricing, ensuring you receive the best care without financial strain.
• Evidence-Based Medicine
  Our Dandruff treatment protocols are grounded in the latest research, ensuring you receive the most effective treatments available.

For more information or to book an appointment, visit our website at clinikk.com. Experience exceptional healthcare services at Clinikk – your trusted partner in health.

Faqs

How often should you wash your hair?

For managing dandruff, it’s recommended to wash your hair every other day with an anti-dandruff shampoo until the dandruff clears up. Once the dandruff is under control, continue washing your hair regularly—at least twice a week, including one wash with the anti-dandruff shampoo—to maintain a clean and healthy scalp

Is dandruff a lifelong problem?

While dandruff can be persistent, it is usually manageable with the right approach and treatment. If dandruff is severe or resistant to treatment, consulting a general physician can help tailor a treatment plan to effectively address the condition.