Allergic reactions

Allergic reactions occur when the immune system overreacts to a substance that is normally harmless. These substances, called allergens, can trigger a response that ranges from mild symptoms like sneezing and itching to severe symptoms like anaphylaxis, which is a life-threatening emergency.

Allergies encounter an allergen, their immune system produces antibodies called immunoglobulin E (IgE). These antibodies cause immune cells to release chemicals like histamine, which lead to the symptoms of an allergic reaction. Common allergens include pollen, pet dander, certain foods (such as nuts, shellfish, and eggs), medications (like penicillin), and insect stings.

Symptoms of Allergic Reactions

Symptoms of allergic reactions can vary widely depending on the allergen and the individual’s sensitivity.

1. Mild to moderate symptoms:
   • Itchy, watery eyes
   • Runny or stuffy nose
   • Sneezing
   • Skin rash or hives
   • Itchy skin
   • Mild swelling, often around the face
2. Severe symptoms (anaphylaxis):
   • Difficulty breathing or wheezing
   • Swelling of the throat or tongue
   • Tightness or pain in the chest
   • Dizziness or fainting
   • Rapid pulse
   • Severe drop in blood pressure

Causes of allergic reactions

Allergic reactions are caused by the immune system’s response to substances that are usually harmless. These substances are known as allergens, and they can trigger allergic reactions in susceptible individuals.

1. Pollen: Pollen from trees, grasses, and weeds can trigger seasonal allergic rhinitis (hay fever). Symptoms include sneezing, runny or stuffy nose, itchy or watery eyes, and itching in the throat or ears.
2. Pet Dander: Proteins found in the skin flakes, saliva, and urine of pets (such as cats and dogs) can trigger allergic reactions in some people. Symptoms include sneezing, runny or stuffy nose, itchy eyes, and skin rashes.
3. Dust Mites: Microscopic insects that live in dust can cause allergic reactions when their droppings and remains are inhaled. Symptoms are similar to those of pet allergies and can include sneezing, runny or stuffy nose, itchy eyes, and coughing.
4. Mold: Mold spores that float in the air can trigger allergic reactions, especially in damp and humid environments. Symptoms may include sneezing, runny or stuffy nose, itchy eyes, and skin rash.
5. Certain Foods: Proteins in certain foods can trigger allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Common food allergens include nuts, shellfish, eggs, milk, soy, and wheat. Symptoms can range from mild itching and swelling to severe anaphylaxis.
6. Insect Stings: Venom from stinging insects such as bees, wasps, hornets, and fire ants can cause allergic reactions. Symptoms can range from mild swelling and itching at the site of the sting to severe reactions like anaphylaxis.
7. Latex: Latex is a natural rubber material found in many everyday products, such as gloves, balloons, and elastic bands. Some people develop allergic reactions to latex proteins, which can cause skin reactions, respiratory symptoms, and in severe cases, anaphylaxis.
8. Environmental Factors: Certain environmental factors such as air pollution, tobacco smoke, and strong odors or chemicals can exacerbate allergic reactions or trigger symptoms in sensitive individuals.

Allergic reactions can vary widely in severity, from mild symptoms to life-threatening anaphylaxis. Identifying and avoiding allergens, as well as having a management plan in place, are crucial steps in managing allergies effectively. Allergy testing by a doctor can help identify specific allergens and guide personalised management strategies.

How can Allergic reactions be Diagnosed?

Diagnosing allergic reactions typically involves a combination of a detailed medical history, physical examination, and sometimes specific tests to identify allergens.

1. Medical History: Doctor will start by asking about your symptoms, their duration, and any factors that seem to trigger or worsen them. They’ll also inquire about your personal and family history of allergies, asthma, or other related conditions.
2. Physical Examination: A physical examination may be performed to assess your symptoms, such as examining your skin for rashes or hives, listening to your lungs for signs of asthma, or checking for nasal congestion or swelling.
3. Allergy Testing:
   • Skin Prick Test (SPT): This is the most common allergy test. A tiny amount of allergen extract is pricked or scratched into the skin (usually on the forearm or back). If you are allergic to the substance, you will develop a small raised bump (wheal) and redness (flare) at the test site within about 15-20 minutes.
   • Blood Test (Specific IgE Test): Sometimes, a blood test called a specific IgE test or radioallergosorbent test (RAST) may be used to measure the amount of allergen-specific IgE antibodies in your blood. This test is particularly useful if skin testing is not possible or if there is a risk of anaphylaxis during skin testing.
4. Elimination Diet: If food allergies are suspected, your doctor may recommend an elimination diet where you eliminate suspected foods from your diet for a period of time and then gradually reintroduce them to see if symptoms recur.
5. Challenge Test: In some cases, especially when the diagnosis is unclear or if severe reactions are suspected, an oral food challenge or other challenge tests may be conducted under medical supervision to determine if a specific substance triggers your symptoms.
6. Patch Test: This test is used to diagnose contact dermatitis caused by allergens that come into contact with the skin, such as certain metals or chemicals. Small amounts of allergens are applied to patches, which are then placed on your skin for a specific period to see if a reaction occurs.

Allergic reactions Treatment in Bangalore

1. Consultation with a General Physician: Start by scheduling an appointment with a doctor. General physicians are trained to diagnose and treat allergic reactions.
2. Medical History and Physical Examination: During appointment, the general physician will take a detailed medical history, asking about your symptoms, when they occur, any triggers you’ve identified, and your personal or family history of allergies or related conditions. A physical examination may also be conducted to assess your symptoms and overall health.
3. Diagnosis and Initial Treatment: Based on your history and examination, the general physician may be able to diagnose allergic reactions and provide initial treatment.
   • Antihistamines: Medications to relieve itching, sneezing, and other mild allergic symptoms.
   • Decongestants: If you have nasal congestion associated with allergies.
   • Topical Steroids: Creams or ointments to relieve skin itching and inflammation from allergic rashes.
   • Advice on Allergen Avoidance: Recommendations on avoiding known allergens or triggers.
4. Follow-Up: Follow any instructions provided by general physician, including scheduling follow-up appointments if necessary to monitor progress or adjust treatment plan.

Associated Costs of allergic reaction Treatment in Bengaluru

The costs associated with allergic reaction treatment in Bengaluru can vary depending on several factors, including the type and severity of allergies, the specific treatments required, the healthcare provider or facility chosen, and whether you have health insurance coverage.

1. Consultation Fees:
   • General Physician: Initial consultation fees with a general physician in Bengaluru can range from ₹300 to ₹1000 or more, depending on the clinic or hospital.
   • Specialist (Allergist/Immunologist): Consultation fees with a specialist in allergies (allergist or immunologist) may range from ₹500 to ₹2000 or higher, depending on their experience and the clinic/hospital.
2. Diagnostic Tests:
   • Skin Prick Test (SPT): The cost of a skin prick test for allergen sensitivity can range from ₹500 to ₹2000 or more, depending on the number of allergens tested and the healthcare provider.
   • Blood Test (Specific IgE Test): The cost of specific IgE blood tests can vary widely, typically ranging from ₹1000 to ₹5000 or more, depending on the number of allergens tested and the laboratory.
3. Medications:
   • Antihistamines: Over-the-counter antihistamine medications may cost between ₹50 to ₹200 per pack, depending on the brand and formulation.
   • Prescription Medications: Prescription medications such as nasal sprays, eye drops, or oral corticosteroids can vary in cost depending on the specific medication prescribed and whether it’s covered by insurance.

Please note that any medications should be used under the supervision of trained medical professionals/physicians and as per their guidance only.

1. Emergency Treatment (Anaphylaxis):
   • Epinephrine Auto-Injector (EpiPen): The cost of an EpiPen or similar auto-injector device can vary significantly. Prices can range from ₹1500 to ₹5000 or more per device.
2. Allergen Immunotherapy (Allergy Shots):
   • Cost per Session: Allergen immunotherapy involves multiple sessions over several months or years. Costs per session can range from ₹1000 to ₹5000 or more, depending on the allergens treated and the healthcare provider.
3. Hospitalization (if required): In severe cases of allergic reactions requiring hospitalization, costs can vary widely depending on the duration of stay, necessary treatments, and the hospital’s facilities. Costs for hospitalization can range from several thousand rupees per day to higher amounts for intensive care.
4. Insurance Coverage: If you have health insurance, check whether allergy testing, medications, and treatments are covered under plan. Insurance coverage can significantly reduce out-of-pocket costs for allergic reaction treatment.

Why Choose Clinikk for Allergic Reaction treatment?

• Experienced Doctors
  Our doctors have extensive experience in managing allergic reactions and ensuring you receive expert care.
• State-of-the-Art Facilities
  Our clinics are equipped with the latest medical technology for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.
• Patient-Centric Approach
  We prioritise your health and well-being, offering personalised care tailored to your needs.
• Affordable Care
  We offer transparent and affordable pricing, ensuring you receive the best care without financial strain.
• Evidence-Based Medicine
  Our Allergic Reaction treatment protocols are grounded in the latest research, ensuring you receive the most effective treatments available.

For more information or to book an appointment, visit our website at clinikk.com. Experience exceptional healthcare services at Clinikk – your trusted partner in health.