Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral infection that can have severe consequences for both the mother and the unborn child during pregnancy. With symptoms ranging from high fever, severe headaches, and joint pain to more serious complications like haemorrhage, pregnant women need to be particularly cautious. In this blog we will explore the risks associated with dengue during pregnancy and essential precautions that should be taken to protect both maternal health and fetal development.
1. Risks of Dengue Fever During Pregnancy
Pregnant women are more susceptible to complications if infected with the dengue virus, especially during the later stages of pregnancy. These risks can be categorized into two main areas:
- Maternal Health Risks: Pregnant women infected with dengue may experience severe symptoms, including dehydration, bleeding, and in some cases, dengue hemorrhagic fever. The immune system is naturally weakened during pregnancy, which can make it harder for the body to fight off infections. Dengue can also lead to complications like low platelet count, which may require hospitalization and specialised care.
- Fetal Complications: The infection not only impacts the mother but can also affect the baby. Studies have shown that dengue during pregnancy increases the risk of premature birth, low birth weight, and even fetal death in severe cases. Vertical transmission, where the virus passes from mother to baby, can also occur, leading to neonatal dengue, which poses significant health risks to newborns.
2. How Dengue Affects Different Stages of Pregnancy
The trimester in which a pregnant woman contracts dengue can influence the severity of the outcomes:
- First Trimester: Contracting dengue during the first trimester can increase the risk of miscarriage. The fever and related symptoms can cause severe stress to the body, which may impact early fetal development.
- Second Trimester: While the second trimester is typically considered the safest period during pregnancy, dengue infection can still result in placental inflammation, affecting the baby’s nutrition and development.
- Third Trimester: This is the most critical period for maternal and fetal health. Contracting dengue in the third trimester has been associated with preterm labor and increased risk of hemorrhage during childbirth. Additionally, there’s a higher chance of vertical transmission, making neonatal care crucial for the baby.
3. Symptoms of Dengue to Watch Out for During Pregnancy
The symptoms of dengue in pregnant women are generally the same as in the general population, but they need to be monitored closely:
- High fever
- Severe headache
- Joint and muscle pain
- Pain behind the eyes
- Nausea and vomiting
- Skin rashes
- Bleeding gums or nose
In some cases, symptoms may be more severe, particularly if dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome develops. Pregnant women should seek immediate medical attention if they experience any of these symptoms.
4. Precautions for Preventing Dengue During Pregnancy
Prevention is the most effective approach for pregnant women to protect themselves from dengue. Here are key precautions to consider:
- Use Mosquito Repellents: Opt for pregnancy-safe mosquito repellents containing DEET or picaridin.
- Wear Protective Clothing: Long sleeves, pants, and closed shoes help minimize skin exposure to mosquitoes.
- Stay Indoors During Peak Hours: Avoid outdoor activities during early mornings and late evenings when mosquitoes are most active.
- Use Mosquito Nets and Screens: Ensure that windows and doors have mesh screens, and use mosquito nets while sleeping, especially in high-risk areas.
- Avoid Stagnant Water: Make sure there is no standing water near your home, as it serves as a breeding ground for mosquitoes.
These preventive measures are essential to maintaining maternal health and preventing fetal complications related to dengue.
5. What to Do If You Contract Dengue During Pregnancy
If a pregnant woman suspects she has contracted dengue, immediate medical consultation is critical. Early diagnosis and management are key to reducing risks for both the mother and the baby.
- Hydration: Staying well-hydrated is important as dengue can lead to rapid dehydration.
- Medical Monitoring: Regular monitoring of platelet levels and vital signs is crucial to detect any complications early.
- Hospitalization: In severe cases, especially if there’s a risk of dengue hemorrhagic fever or shock syndrome, hospitalization may be required for intensive care.
Always consult with your nearby general physician to ensure both you and your baby receive the best possible care during recovery.
Stay Safe, Seek Expert Care
Dengue fever poses significant risks to both maternal health and fetal development during pregnancy. By understanding the symptoms, taking necessary precautions, and seeking prompt medical care, pregnant women can protect themselves and their babies from serious complications.
At Clinikk, we provide comprehensive care and treatment for dengue, including specialized care for pregnant women. Our expert general physician focus on providing timely diagnosis and personalised treatment to ensure both you and your baby remain safe. If you suspect dengue or need guidance on prevention, contact Clinikk today to get the support you need.
